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1.5. Dialogs 1.5.1. Color Selection Figure 14.5. Color Selection Dialog Choose the Dialogs .. Colors menu to open the color selection dialog. Use the buttons at the top to select the color space you want to use for color selection: RGB, CMYK, color triangle, watercolor or scales. The fore/background colors are handled the same way they are in GIMP’s tool box. Selected colors are active immediately after choosing them. Rule of thumb: try to work in RGB so you can have a wider number of formats to save your work into. If you double click on the tool box’s foreground/background color rectangles, the dialog may be a bit different to the one shown in Figure 14.5, Color Selection Dialog [158], but its functions and behavior are the same.

1.5. Dialogs 1.4.8. Filters Filters are a set of programmed actions which modify your image according to some specified options. GIMP offers a vast range of filters such as blurs, noise effects or image enhancement operations that may be applied to selections and layers. Feel free to explore them all. Figure 14.4. Filter’s Menu 1.5. Dialogs Dialogs give any tool further options. There is quite a large number of them and for the purpose of this introduction, we only discuss the Color Selection and Brushes dialogs.

1.4. Using GIMP Figure 14.3. Layers, Channels and Paths Dialogs GIMP allows for an unlimited number of layers. Each layer has a specific set of properties. In a RGB color image there are three predefined channels, one for red, one for green and one for blue. The channels dialog lets you turn a channel off or on, as well as add and remove other channels. Clicking on the eye at the left of a channel name turns it on or off depending of its original status. Paths let you manipulate your selections in very complex ways. You can transform selections into paths which let you treat the selection as a curve, giving you more control over it since you can, for example, add points to the curve to manipulate it.

1.4. Using GIMP 1.4.4. View Size At the very top of the image window is a numeric value shown as a percentage. This is the zoom ratio. You can increase it or decrease it by right-clicking and ac cessing the View menu. You can also press the + key to increase zoom or the - key to decrease it. Press the Ctrl - Shift -N keys, or choose View . Nav. Window in the image menu, to launch a window navigator allowing you to pan and change the zoom ratio of an image window. 1.4.5. Undo and Redo All operations can be undone and redone. You can change how far, as a minimum, you can go back in the commands history and how much memory to reserve for it, by choosing File + Preferences ..Environment from the menu. Please bear in mind that both settings have a large impact on RAM usage which might make it difficult, or even impossible, to manipulate a large image file. Choose Edit . Undo from the image menu, or press the Ctrl -Z keys, to undo the last operation. Choose Edit . Redo from the image menu, or press the Ctrl -R keys, to redo the last undo operation. 1.4.6. Copy, Cut and Paste GIMP allows you to copy (Ctrl -C), cut (Ctrl -X) and paste (Ctrl -V) within any window, as well as between any GIMP image window. You can also paste as layers. 1.4.7. Layers, Channels and Paths Choose Dialogs ..Layers (or press the Ctrl -L keys); Dialogs ..Channels ; Dialogs ..Paths from the image menu to access the layers, channels and paths dialogs respectively (see Figure 14.3, Layers, Channels and Paths Dialogs [156]).

1.4. Using GIMP Figure 14.2. Creating a New File Saving a File. The first time you Save, or when you Save as, a dialog pops up which allows you to set the name and location of your image. More importantly, it is the place to define the file type such as JPEG or PNG. Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl -S for Save, Shift Ctrl -S for Save as. New users, at the stage of saving their work, run into multiple problems such as losing layers or simply damaging their work. Most of these problems come from the specific options allowed for each file format. If you have no idea, preserve the image format or save in XCF, GIMP’s own file format. You can always try saving the image under different formats later. 1.4.2. The Tool Box The tool box contains your basic graphic design tools. If you move your mouse over any item, its name and keyboard shortcut pops up in a help balloon. Tool options are accessible through the Active Tools Options section of the tool box. We will not detail each tool in this guide as there are already books written about GIMP to assist you. Remember that all operations take place in the current active layer. If you close the tool box, GIMP and all windows are closed. Closing any other window only affects that window. 1.4.3. Image Window This window manages either new or opened images and it is where tools selected in the tool box may be used.

1.4. Using GIMP Unlike Adobe Photoshop, when you open GIMP a few dialogs appear, the main one being the toolbox (see Figure 14.1, GIMP’s Main Interface [153]). It offers GIMP’s core functions and allows you to initiate other tasks. Figure 14.1. GIMP’s Main Interface 1.4. Using GIMP 1.4.1. Basic Operations Opening a File. Open from the menu. Your image appears in a Choose File .. new window. From that window, you can access the image’s menu (File, Edit, Select, etc.) or right-click as explained in Section 1.2.2, Right-clicks [152]. Depending on the file format you want to open, you may have to answer some questions pertaining to the details of that format and its conversion. Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl -O . Creating a New File. Choose File . New from the menu. A dialog appears letting you determine image dimensions in different measurement units (pixels, inches, millimeters, etc.), image orientation (landscape or portrait) and some advanced options (see Figure 14.2, Creating a New File [154]). You may also specify a Template from the pulldown list and have most image parameters filled for you. Once you click on the OK button the image is created in a new window. Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl -N .

1.2. Concepts On the net, GIMP is a very well documented application and a lot of information is freely available. Please refer to The GIMP web site [http://www.gimp.org/ docs/] for more information about the available GIMP documentation. 1.2. Concepts GIMP embraces differences. Therefore, there are usually many ways to achieve the same goal. The following is a brief description of some concepts and the way they work under GIMP. 1.2.1. Menu From GIMP’s main window (called the tool box), you can access the basic program options such as opening a file, creating a new file, etc. 1.2.2. Right-clicks Once an image is opened or created, you can right-click in the image window and access the image’s specific options such as Close, Save, Save as, Dialogs, Filters, etc. We call this the image menu in the following sections. 1.2.3. Layers, Image Modes and File Formats Some of the key concepts to grasp in order to truly benefit from an advanced graphic design application like GIMP are those to do with layers, formats and file th modes. Roughly put, digital image editing adds a 4 dimension: layers. Images are built vertically (as are animations), and each layer has user-defined properties which determine other tasks that can be accomplished. File mode defines the inner logic of the graphic elements. Hence, an RGB image allows for different operations and capabilities that you would not have for a gray scale image. Finally, the file format also impacts on which operations can be done on that file. If you face difficulties accomplishing any task described below, check those three elements before jumping to conclusions. 1.3. Starting GIMP and its Interface Choose Multimedia + Graphics ..The GIMP v2 from the main menu to start GIMP. The first time GIMP is run, a wizard appears allowing you to set up some parameters, such as default paths, monitor resolution, etc. Unless you really know what you are doing, we recommend you leave these options at their defaults and just click on the Continue button in all the steps of the wizard.

Chapter 14. Graphics Tools And Practical Devices 1. Graphic Art And Image Manipulation This chapter concentrates mainly on GIMP, and introduces other interesting applications you may wish to explore on your own. 1.1. GIMP The GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) is a free software program chal lenging proprietary applications such as Adobe Photoshop or Corel Painter, allowing advanced photo editing tasks such as cropping, resizing, painting, drawing, modifying colors, etc. Its true beauty lies in its extensibility and its scripting options, which opens GIMP to full integration in programs and scripts therefore enabling it to act as a mass production image rendering application. 1.1.1. Strengths For normal users, GIMP will seduce you with its advanced functions for web images and formats. You can easily create animations and optimize your art for web publishing, and take advantage of GIMP’s extensive photo manipulation features. Power users, publishers and document management specialists truly benefit from GIMP through its advanced scripting capabilities and the programs’ function accessibility. 1.1.2. Weaknesses GIMP, like most Free Software graphic design applications, suffers from the fact that prepress standards, such as PANTONE Color Systems, are proprietary and closed. So for GIMP, it means that there are no usable implementations of these standards. Also, because the press world is dominated by Apple-compatible computers you will have to put in some extra effort to print professionally with GIMP, although it is feasible. 1.1.3. Finding More Information GIMP includes extensive documentation. If the gimp-help package is installed, pressing the F1 key lets you access a help index for the current active item, and pressing Shift -F1 gives you access to contextual help.

3.4. Setting GnomeMeeting for Use Behind a Firewall TCP Control Port Allow incoming and outgoing traffic on port 1720. TCP Data Port Range Make sure the 30000-30010 port range is open. If you plan on using Gnom- TM eMeeting with NetMeeting users, this action is mandatory. UDP Data Port Range (mandatory) Allow and forward the 5000-5007 UDP port range which is used for audio and video transmission. 3.4.2. Example Setup with Shorewall Mandriva Linux comes with the Shorewall set of firewall tools. Here’s an excerpt of what your /etc/shorewall/rules file should contain: # H.323 calls with GnomeMeeting ACCEPT net loc udp 5000:5007 ACCEPT net loc tcp 30000:30010 ACCEPT fw loc udp 5000:5007 ACCEPT fw loc tcp 30000:30010 ACCEPT loc fw tcp 1720 ACCEPT loc fw tcp 30000:30010 ACCEPT loc fw tcp 5000:5007 ACCEPT loc fw udp 5000:5007 For more information about using GnomeMeeting behind a firewall, please visit the GnomeMeeting web site [http://www.gnomemeeting.org].

3.3. Connecting with ILS (NetMeetingTM) Users TM 3.3. Connecting with ILS (NetMeeting) Users You can use GnomeMeeting to connect to an ILS server and video-conference with TM people using NetMeeting or other compatible software. Click on this button or choose Tools . Address Book from the menu to open the ILS directory window and click on Find to update the list of available users connected to that ILS server, as shown in Figure 13.12, Finding People on ILS Servers [149]. Figure 13.12. Finding People on ILS Servers Select the search criteria in the pull-down list at the bottom and fill the field at its right, then click on the Find button. You can also leave the field blank and click on Find to look up all registered GnomeMeeting and NetMeeting users. Once you have found the person you want to communicate with, double-click on his name to initiate the call. You can change ILS servers in the Servers tree in the left part of the window. 3.4. Setting GnomeMeeting for Use Behind a Firewall Most users have the good idea of configuring a firewall to avoid crackers from breaking into their systems. However, a tight firewall might prevent you from using GnomeMeeting. The solution simply resides in opening the specific ports GnomeMeeting uses to communicate with the other party. 3.4.1. Allowing Incoming and Outgoing Traffic Here’s the list of ports you must allow and forward: