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3. Searching For Files parts: a daemon responsible for periodically indexing files, and an interface to manage catalogs and perform searches. Kat from the main menu to open Kat. Choose System + Archiving + Other .. Figure 7.5. Kat Catalogs View 1. Check configuration Launch the setup wizard ( Settings ..Launch Wizard ) to check everything works correctly. Pay particular attention to the Helper Programs step. If some applications are missing, it is time to install them through the Mandriva Linux Control Center (see Chapter 16, Package Management through Rpmdrake [209]). 2. Add Catalogs This is done using the Catalog . New menu, or by right-clicking on the Kat applet, and choosing Configure KAT , then clicking on the Add button in the Catalog section. Add a catalog for your home folder, and another one for /usr/share/doc so that you can perform searches both on your personal files and on the documentation installed on your computer. 3. Check Indexation is Done After adding new catalogs it can take some time before they get fully indexed. To check the indexation status of each catalog, simply click on the Kat applet.
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3. Searching For Files Figure 7.4. Changing KDE’s Background Wallpaper To change the desktop background, choose System+Configuration+KDE+ LookNFeel . Background from the main menu. Select the background picture option in the Background section and background scaling, colors and blending in the Options section. Click on the Advanced Options button to adjust settings such as an external program to draw the background, the cache size for images, etc. All desktop background settings can be applied on a per-desktop basis using the Setting for desktop pull-down list. Please note that doing so consumes more memory. 3. Searching For Files Kat is a search tool that is able to index your files based on the content of the file, thus allowing you to look for files on your system. For example it can help you find all of your PDF documents containing a given project. Kat is made of two
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2.1. Changing your Desktop’s Appearance Figure 7.3. Changing KDE’s Color Scheme You can also define custom color schemes: click on the element you want to change (for example, Active Window to change the active window colors), then on the color bar, choose the color you like and click on OK to apply it. Clicking on Save Scheme will allow you save the color scheme for later use; fill its name and click on OK . Clicking on Remove Scheme will remove the currently selected customized color scheme; predefined color schemes cannot be removed. You are not asked for confirmation before removing a color scheme. Therefore use the Remove Scheme button carefully.
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1.3. Virtual Desktops The Main Menu. Allows you to access the software installed on your system. It is the equivalent of Windows’ Start menu. Programs are arranged into convenient categories, so you can quickly and easily find the application you want to run. Show Desktop. Use this to minimize all currently opened windows. Pressing it again will restore the windows to the state they were previously in. Handy when you your desktop is so full of opened windows and you want to access, for example, a folder on your desktop. Desktop Switching Applet. Makes switching between virtual desktops as easy as one, two, three. See Section 1.3, Virtual Desktops [57] for more information. Kat Search Tool. Allows you to perform searches on files according to different criteria and metadata. Please refer to Section 3, Searching For Files [59] for more information. 1.3. Virtual Desktops Think of virtual desktops as having several screens available but with only one monitor. By default, there are two virtual desktops, right click on the desktop switching applet and select Configure Desktops to add or remove virtual desktops and change desktop names for more meaningful such as Work, Play or Internet. When you log in into KDE the last virtual desktop you were in when you closed your last session is opened. To switch between virtual desktops just click on the desktop number in the desktop switching applet et voil ! 2. Personalizing your Desktop 2.1. Changing your Desktop’s Appearance To change the desktop color scheme choose System+Configuration+KDE+ LookNFeel . Colors from the main menu. In the Color Scheme list are predefined color schemes. Select the one you like and click on Apply .
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1.2. The Panel Virtual desktops are not an exclusive KDE concept. Other GNU/Linux desktop environments and window managers also make use of them. The icons on the desktop represent files, directories, applications, devices, web pages, etc. Almost everything can be placed on it. Clicking on each icon opens its associated application. Here are some of your desktop’s default icons, along with a brief explanation for each of them. Home. Gives access to all your personal files. Under UNIX-like operating systems (Mandriva Linux is one of these), every user has a personal directory usually named /home/login_name. Trash. Gives access to all deleted files (the equivalent of Windows’ Recycle Bin). Files can also be deleted without being thrown into the trash can ( direct file deletion) so some deleted files might not be accessible through the trash can. System and media Icons. Gives you access to your home folder, system’s settings, networked places, storage media and the trash can. The media icon gives you access to all the storage media present in the system, fixed and removable: hard disk partitions, CD/DVD drive, floppy disk drive, ZIP/JAZ drives, USB keys, and others. Double clicking on a device icon opens the corresponding medium. 1.2. The Panel Figure 7.2. The KDE Panel 1 The panel is the bar which sits at the bottom of your desktop and contains the following main components: By default the panel is at the bottom, but it may be placed on any border of the desktop.
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Chapter 7. Using KDE 1. Discovering the K Desktop Environment This chapter will introduce the K Desktop Environment (KDE) and its panel. It will also talk about the concept of virtual desktops, how to navigate through and manage them, the KDE help system and session support. The range of features KDE offers as well as its degree of personalization is huge and you are encouraged to refer to its integrated help to learn more about this great desktop environment. 1.1. The Desktop Figure 7.1. The KDE Desktop KDE follows the modern desktop paradigm. In the above figure you see the desktop itself with some icons on it, while the panel sits at the bottom. This figure also in troduces something new if you come from the Windows world: virtual desktops (see Section 1.3, Virtual Desktops [57]).
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2.5. HOWTOs An important step is to check the modification dates of the HOWTO documents such as the publication date located at the beginning of the document to make sure they are up-to-date. Otherwise, the information may be invalid. Watch out for old HOWTOs relating to hardware configuration: Linux evolves very quickly in the hardware area. Something else to keep in mind: in the free software world the term old carries even more weight than in IT in general: free software may be considered old after being around for only fifteen days! HOWTOs are available on-line on TLDP [http://www.tldp.org/] web site and are likely to be slightly more up-to-date there. Have a look at the following as well: HOWTOs classified by categories [http://www.tldp.org/ HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/categories.html], and FAQs [http://www. tldp.org/docs.html#faq].
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2.5. HOWTOs info emacs In the info pages: * Buffers:: will indicate a link. Moving the cursor to this link (using the arrow keys) and pressing Enter will take you to the corresponding info page. You may also use the following keyboard shortcuts: u: for Up, takes you up one level; n: for Next, takes you to the next info page on the same tree-structure level; p: for Prev, takes you back to the previous info page. q: for Quit, will exit the info page viewer. A great number of commands may be listed by pressing the ? key. You can also display info pages in Konqueror by using the info:/ prefix in your URL. For example, to display the info page for make, type in the Location field: info:/make This makes the navigation into info pages much easier. 2.5. HOWTOs HOWTOs published by the TLDP (The Linux Documentation Project) are available in many languages and cover many aspects of your system. As long as the proper packages are installed (the howto-html-en package for the English edition), HOWTOs will provide you with an answer to a specific question or a solution to a problem. The documentation is located in the /usr/share/doc/HOWTO/HTML/en/ directory. These are HTML files readable and printable with any web browser. The list is quite long. To get an idea of its length, consult the index from the main menu: Documentation ..Howtos English . When you encounter a complex problem, start by reading the corresponding HOWTO, if available. Not only will you be given a solution to your problem but you will also learn a great deal at the same time. Examples of what is covered range from networking (NET-3-HOWTO), sound card configuration (Sound-HOWTO), the writing of CD media (CD-Writing-HOWTO) as well as NIS and NFS configuration and much much more.
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2.4. Info Pages This should be your primary source of information for shell commands. Almost all commands have a manual page. Other items, such as certain configuration files, library functions for programmers and others system aspects also have their own man pages. Man page contents are arranged in different sections. References to these are made in the following manner: for example, open(2), fstab(5) will respectively refer to the open page in section 2 and the fstab page in section 5. The easiest way to view a man page is through a browser. Using Konqueror, type man:/man(1) in the Location bar and the man page for the man command will be displayed. For example, to display the man page for fstab(5), type in the Location field: man:/fstab(5). To display a man page in a terminal (or shell), type man. The syntax to obtain a man page is: man [options] [section] man also has documentation, which can be obtained by typing man man. Manual pages are formatted and then displayed using the less pager. The names of the manual pages and their relevant sections appear at the top of each page. At the bottom of the page you will find references to other pages with related subjects (usually in the SEE ALSO section). You can start by consulting the pages related to the different commands covered in the Reference ManualIntroduction to Linux [379]: ls(1), chmod(1), etc. If you cannot find the right manual page for example, you want to use the mknod function in one of your programs but you end up on the mknod command page make sure you spell out the section explicitly. In our example: man 2 mknod. If you forgot the exact section, man -a mknod will read through all the sections looking for pages named mknod. 2.4. Info Pages info pages complete the documentation included in the manual pages. The command to access info pages from a terminal is info. Info pages are organized using a tree structure, the top of which is called dir. From there, you can access all info pages. info may be called up in two ways: either by omitting any argument, thereby placing you at the very top of the tree structure, or by adding a command or a package name, which (if it exists) will open the relevant page. For example:
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2.3. The Man Pages Linux Security [http://www.linuxsecurity.com/] Entirely devoted to Linux and includes news, advisories, newsletters, and many other resources such as documentation, forums, tools, etc. Check out the site’s documentation page [http://www.linuxsecurity.com/docs]. Linux dot com [http://www.linux.com] Excellent site regularly fed with articles on present security issues. It also features articles about desktop, sound, etc. You should particularly check out the HOWTO [http://howtos.linux.com/] section. 2.2.2. Other Linux Web Sites Of the many existing web sites, here are some with the most information: Linux Online! [http://www.linux.org/] One of the very first sites devoted to Linux, containing a whole slew of links to other useful sites. Freshmeat [http://freshmeat.net/] This is the place to visit to get the latest applications available in the Linux world. Linux Weekly News [http://www.lwn.net/] One of the most exhaustive Linux publications available. It covers everything from the latest security alerts to new distributions, information about current and past kernels, books, and a weekly newsletter (for subscribers only). And, of course, remember your favorite search engines. Generally speaking, they are the most practical information seeking tools. A few carefully chosen keywords in a search engine will often produce the answers you need for your specific problem. With Google, you can even make a GNU/Linux-oriented search by visiting its Linux section [http://www.google.com/linux]. 2.3. The Man Pages The Manual Pages (also known as man pages ) are a set of exhaustive documents which help you acquire better knowledge of GNU/Linux commands. The latter are usually issued through a command line and allow great control over your system (see the Introduction to the Command Line chapter of the Reference Manualsee Chapter 33, Introduction to the Command Line [441]). Although these man pages might seem discouraging at first, they offer great detail and we encourage you to browse through them when a problem occurs.
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